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The Shan language (, , , , or , ; , (:ʃáɴ bàðà); (タイ語:ภาษาไทใหญ่) (:pʰaːsǎː tʰaj jàj)) is the native language of Shan people and spoken mostly in Shan State, Burma. It is also spoken in pockets of Kachin State in Burma, in northern Thailand, and decreasingly in Assam. Shan is a member of the Tai–Kadai language family, and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a "sixth tone" used for emphasis. It is called ''Tai Yai'', or ''Tai Long'' in the Tai languages. The number of Shan speakers is not known in part because the Shan population is unknown. Estimates of Shan people range from four million to 30 million, though the true number is somewhere around six million, with about half speaking the Shan language. In 2001 Patrick Johnstone and Jason Mandryk estimated 3.2 million Shan speakers in Myanmar, the Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006.〔http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=shn〕 Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners. Due to the civil war in Burma, few Shan today can read or write in Shan script, which was derived from the Burmese alphabet. == Names == The Shan language has a number of names in different Tai languages and Burmese. * In Shan, the language is commonly called ''kwam tai'' ( , literally "Tai language"). * In Burmese, it is called ''shan: bhasa'' (, (:ʃáɴ bàðà)) whence the English word "Shan" is. The term "Shan," which was formerly spelt (''hsyam:'') in Burmese, is an exonym believed to be a Burmese derivative of "Siam" (an old term for Thailand). * In Thai, it is called ''phasa tai yai'' (ภาษาไทใหญ่, (:pʰāː.sǎː.tʰāj.jàj), literally "big/great Tai language"), or more informally or even vulgarly by some ''phasa ngiaw'' (ภาษาเงี้ยว, (:pʰāː.sǎː.ŋíaw)). * In Northern Thai, it is called ''kam tai'' (กำไต, , literally "Tai language"), or more informally or even vulgarly by some ''kam ngiao'' (กำเงี้ยว, ), literally "Shan language"). * In Lao, it is called ''phasa tai yai'' (ພາສາໄທໃຫຍ່, (:pʰáː.sǎː.tʰáj.ɲāj), literally "big/great Tai language"), or ''phasa tai nuea'' (ພາສາໄທເໜືອ, (:pʰáː.sǎː.tʰáj.nɯ̌a), literally "northern Tai language"), or more informally or even vulgarly by some ''phasa ngiao'' (ພາສາງ້ຽວ, (:pʰáː.sǎː.ŋîaw)). * In Tai Lü, it is called ''kam ngio'' (, ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shan language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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